{"id":409,"date":"2019-12-02T10:13:47","date_gmt":"2019-12-02T10:13:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/?p=409"},"modified":"2019-12-02T21:30:13","modified_gmt":"2019-12-02T21:30:13","slug":"ecologie-les-facteurs-edaphiques-et-leurs-relation-avec-les-etres-vivants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/?p=409","title":{"rendered":"Ecologie: Les facteurs \u00e9daphiques et leurs relation avec les \u00eatres vivants"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"409\" class=\"elementor elementor-409\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8a9c4a9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8a9c4a9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ca7449d\" data-id=\"ca7449d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8770d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f8770d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Le sol\u00a0est la\u00a0<em>partie superficielle<\/em>\u00a0de la cro\u00fbte terrestre.\u00a0Il est<em>\u00a0caract\u00e9ris\u00e9<\/em>\u00a0par des\u00a0<em>propri\u00e9t\u00e9s physiques<\/em>,\u00a0<em>chimiques<\/em>\u00a0et biologiques, qui peuvent\u00a0avoir une\u00a0<em>influence<\/em>\u00a0sur la\u00a0<em>r\u00e9partition d<\/em>es\u00a0<em>\u00eatres vivants<\/em><em>.<\/em><\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">La gen\u00e8se et l\u2019\u00e9volution du sol d\u00e9pend de la nature de la roche m\u00e8re, du climat et de l\u2019influence des \u00eatres vivants.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Le document suivant montre\u00a0la r\u00e9partition horizontale des v\u00e9g\u00e9taux entre la for\u00eat de Temara et le plateau de Zaer<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c82fb5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c82fb5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3dd5d39\" data-id=\"3dd5d39\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff34c3b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ff34c3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"738\" height=\"288\" src=\"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/STRATHRZ.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-361\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/STRATHRZ.jpg 738w, https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/STRATHRZ-300x117.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 738px) 100vw, 738px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d4e1e7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d4e1e7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b81c950\" data-id=\"b81c950\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a305cb0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a305cb0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">On\u00a0observe que le ch\u00eane li\u00e8ge\u00a0pousse sur tous les types du sol sauf le calcaire, ce qui laisse supposer que la nature du sol intervient dans la repartition de cette esp\u00e8ce v\u00e9g\u00e9tale.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000080; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\"><b>&#8211; Quelles sont\u00a0les\u00a0caract\u00e9ristiques\u00a0<\/b><\/span><b><span style=\"color: #000080; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\">du sol qui peuvent influencer la r\u00e9partition des\u00a0\u00eatres vivants?<\/span><\/b><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b><span style=\"color: #000080; font-family: Calibri;\">&#8211; Quels sont les r\u00f4les des \u00eatres vivants dans la<\/span><\/b><\/span><span style=\"color: #000080; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\"><b>\u00a0gen\u00e8se et l\u2019\u00e9volution du sol?<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b><span style=\"color: #000080; font-family: Calibri;\"><br \/>&#8211; C<\/span><\/b><\/span><b><span style=\"color: #000080; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\">omment<span lang=\"ar-ma\">\u00a0<\/span>peut-on prot\u00e9ger le sol et am\u00e9liorer sa productivit\u00e9?<\/span><\/b><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><b><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">1 &#8211;\u00a0 Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s du sol.<\/span><\/b><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #009933;\"><b>\u00a0 1 &#8211; 1 &#8211;\u00a0<\/b><\/span><b><span style=\"color: #009933;\">L<\/span><\/b><span style=\"color: #009933;\"><b>es propri\u00e9t\u00e9s ph<\/b><\/span><b><span style=\"color: #009933;\">ysiques.<\/span><\/b><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #009933;\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<b><span style=\"color: #009933;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">a &#8211; La Texture du sol:<\/span><\/b><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">La\u00a0<em>texture<\/em>\u00a0d&rsquo;un\u00a0<em>sol<\/em>\u00a0est la r\u00e9partition granulom\u00e9trique de ses constituants, c&rsquo;est \u00e0 dire les dimensions des \u00e9l\u00e9ments solides.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d8af5d2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d8af5d2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-295fcda\" data-id=\"295fcda\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5643b34 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5643b34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"322\" src=\"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/sol.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-414\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/sol.jpg 640w, https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/sol-300x151.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c3146ab elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c3146ab\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-025792a\" data-id=\"025792a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f996767 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f996767\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; color: #003366;\">Pour d\u00e9terminer la texture du sol, on proc\u00e8de \u00e0 la manipulation suivante:<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; color: #003366;\">&#8211; On ajoute de l\u2019eau oxyg\u00e9n\u00e9 \u00e0 un \u00e9chantillon de sol dans un b\u00e9cher, puis on chauffe le m\u00e9lange pour la destruction de la mati\u00e8re organique.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; color: #003366;\">&#8211; On ajoute de l&rsquo;acide chlorhydrique pour l&rsquo;\u00e9limination du calcaire.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; color: #003366;\">&#8211; On ajoute de l&rsquo;eau et on laisse d\u00e9canter pendant plusieurs heures.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; color: #003366;\">&#8211; La fraction min\u00e9rale est\u00a0r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9e puis\u00a0s\u00e9ch\u00e9e et pes\u00e9e.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; color: #003366;\">&#8211; On mis la fraction min\u00e9rale dans une\u00a0colonne de tamis\u00a0\u00e0 ouvertures de mailles d\u00e9croissantes.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; color: #003366;\">&#8211; Apr\u00e8s s\u00e9paration du sable, limon et argile, on p\u00e8se chaque fraction pour d\u00e9terminer le pourcentage des diff\u00e9rents \u00e9l\u00e9ments min\u00e9raux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon du sol.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; color: #003366;\">Pour d\u00e9terminer la texture d\u2019un sol, on se r\u00e9f\u00e8re au diagramme en triangle pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 dans le document suivant:<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-79ab205 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"79ab205\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ca8aad\" data-id=\"0ca8aad\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d34e9b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d34e9b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"709\" src=\"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/TriangleSLA-768x709.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-365\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/TriangleSLA-768x709.png 768w, https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/TriangleSLA-300x277.png 300w, https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/TriangleSLA.png 820w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6f0b3d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f6f0b3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/e4\/Triangle-texture-sols.png<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-13e40b0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"13e40b0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f5b6276\" data-id=\"f5b6276\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cfdd545 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cfdd545\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; color: #003366;\">Ce diagramme s\u2019utilise de la mani\u00e8re suivante :<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; color: #003366;\">\u2013 On place sur chacun des c\u00f4t\u00e9s la valeur en % de la teneur du sol en particules de cette cat\u00e9gorie granulom\u00e9trique.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; color: #003366;\">\u2013 \u06c1 partir de chaque point on trace une droite parall\u00e8le \u00e0 un des c\u00f4t\u00e9s du triangle (lignes en traits tir\u00e9s).<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; color: #003366;\">\u2013 Le point d\u2019intersection de ces 3 droites indique la texture du sol.<\/span><\/p><p align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Calibri;\"><span lang=\"fr\">Application:<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri;\"><span lang=\"fr\">Le tableau suivant repr\u00e9sente<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"font-family: Calibri;\">les r\u00e9sultats de l\u2019analyse granulom\u00e9trique de deux \u00e9chantillons de sol : Sol A et Sol B.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-187ccbe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"187ccbe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7c8d6a5\" data-id=\"7c8d6a5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6baba01 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6baba01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table class=\"align=\" style=\"height: 128px;\" border=\"1\" width=\"239\"><tbody><tr><td bgcolor=\"#EFEFEF\" width=\"99\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#EFEFEF\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><b> <span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\">Argile<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#EFEFEF\" width=\"140\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><b> <span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\">Sable<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#EFEFEF\" width=\"98\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><b> <span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\">Limon<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\" width=\"99\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\">Sol A<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/td><td dir=\"ltr\" align=\"center\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; color: #003366;\">40%<\/span><\/p><\/td><td dir=\"ltr\" align=\"center\" width=\"140\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; color: #003366;\">50%<\/span><\/p><\/td><td dir=\"ltr\" align=\"center\" width=\"98\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; color: #003366;\">10%<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td align=\"center\" width=\"99\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><b> <span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\">Sol B<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p><\/td><td dir=\"ltr\" align=\"center\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; color: #003366;\">20%<\/span><\/p><\/td><td dir=\"ltr\" align=\"center\" width=\"140\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; color: #003366;\">20%<\/span><\/p><\/td><td dir=\"ltr\" align=\"center\" width=\"98\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">6<\/span>0%<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-93b94f8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"93b94f8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d4cfef3\" data-id=\"d4cfef3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20401ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"20401ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\">1 &#8211;\u00a0<b>En exploitant\u00a0<\/b>les donn\u00e9es du tableau et<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\">\u00a0le triangle des textures<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\">,<b>\u00a0<\/b><b>d\u00e9terminer<\/b>\u00a0la texture des deux sols A et B.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2039715 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2039715\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-830739e\" data-id=\"830739e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-686d539 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"686d539\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><b>\u00a0b &#8211; La structure du sol\u00a0:<\/b><\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">La structur<span style=\"font-family: Calibri;\">e du sol fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence au mode ou\u00a0<\/span>la fa\u00e7on dont les particules du sol (sable, limon et argile) sont dispos\u00e9es les unes par rapport aux autres.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Le document suivant repr\u00e9sente les trois grandes structures:<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6a95580 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6a95580\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-41f8318\" data-id=\"41f8318\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99bd616 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"99bd616\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"163\" src=\"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/solstruct-768x163.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-360\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/solstruct-768x163.jpg 768w, https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/solstruct-300x64.jpg 300w, https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/solstruct.jpg 877w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b749ef9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b749ef9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6ce0d26\" data-id=\"6ce0d26\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ff651e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2ff651e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\">1 &#8211;\u00a0<b>En exploitant\u00a0<\/b>le document<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\">,<b>\u00a0<\/b><b>d\u00e9crire<\/b>\u00a0les trois structures.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #003366; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\">2 &#8211;\u00a0<b>D\u00e9duire<\/b>\u00a0la structure la plus favorable pour l&rsquo;agriculture.\u00a0<b>Justifier<\/b>\u00a0votre r\u00e9ponse.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-833c56a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"833c56a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6dd8ef0\" data-id=\"6dd8ef0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-348a71b elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"348a71b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5501\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5501\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Correction<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5501\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5501\"><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">1 \u2013 La structure particulaire: les particules sableuses du sol sont libres et n\u2019ont aucune adh\u00e9rence entre elles.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">-La structure compacte: les particules constitutives du sol\u00a0 sont li\u00e9es avec de l\u2019argile.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">&#8211; les structures grumeleuses: constitu\u00e9es d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments (collo\u00efdes) min\u00e9raux et organiques qui constituent le complexe argilo-humique qui retient l\u2019eau utilisable par les plantes.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">2 &#8211; Les structures particulaires\u00a0sont filtrantes et sensibles \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9rosion. Les structures compactes\u00a0sont asphyxiantes et difficiles \u00e0 travailler. Les structures grumeleuses\u00a0sont filtrantes, mais sans exc\u00e8s. En particulier, elles pr\u00e9servent bien les r\u00e9serves hydriques du sol. Elles assurent aussi une bonne circulation de l&rsquo;atmosph\u00e8re du sol favorisant la respiration racinienne et propice aux bact\u00e9ries a\u00e9robies.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4537e02 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4537e02\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b840797\" data-id=\"b840797\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f54013 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4f54013\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><b><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u00a0c &#8211; La porosit\u00e9 et la perm\u00e9abilit\u00e9:<\/span><\/b><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u00a0<b>\u00a0 &#8211; La porosit\u00e9:<\/b>\u00a0correspondant \u00e0 l&rsquo;ensemble des vides (pores) d&rsquo;un sol, ces vides sont remplis par des fluides (liquide ou gaz). Elle est li\u00e9e \u00e0 la texture du sol.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><b>\u00a0&#8211; La perm\u00e9abilit\u00e9:\u00a0<\/b>mesure de l&rsquo;aptitude\u00a0d&rsquo;un milieu\u00a0\u00e0 se laisser traverser par\u00a0un fluide, par ex.\u00a0l&rsquo;eau. Elle est \u00e9troitement d\u00e9pendante de la texture et de la\u00a0structure du sol.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pour mesurer la perm\u00e9abilit\u00e9 d&rsquo;un\u00a0\u00e9chantillon de sol intact,\u00a0on soumet une colonne de sol \u00e0 des conditions particuli\u00e8res, comme la saturation en eau et la pression constante sous eau.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-06fbdbb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"06fbdbb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b4dd0ec\" data-id=\"b4dd0ec\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d74d78c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d74d78c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"333\" height=\"414\" src=\"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/permcoef.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-339\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/permcoef.jpg 333w, https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/permcoef-241x300.jpg 241w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 333px) 100vw, 333px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-14f64e5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"14f64e5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f3144b3\" data-id=\"f3144b3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a1f2a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a1f2a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"> Les r\u00e9sultats vous seront communiqu\u00e9s soit sous la forme de\u00a0taux de perm\u00e9abilit\u00e9\u00a0(voir tableau 1), soit sous la forme de\u00a0coefficient de perm\u00e9abilit\u00e9\u00a0(voir tableau 2).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d702ce6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d702ce6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3aeab3f\" data-id=\"3aeab3f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-fe8cbc2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fe8cbc2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-32cc303\" data-id=\"32cc303\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b12f20 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8b12f20\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"196\" src=\"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/PERMIABILITE1-300x196.gif\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-340\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b291681 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b291681\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tableau 1 - FAO<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc7282e\" data-id=\"bc7282e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ba7332 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6ba7332\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"132\" src=\"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/PERMIABILITE2-300x132.gif\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-341\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6ae3ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b6ae3ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tableau 2 - FAO<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d67876 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d67876\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d3f853e\" data-id=\"d3f853e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76ceb47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"76ceb47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Le coefficient de perm\u00e9abilit\u00e9\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">K<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">K ( m\/s ) = Q \/ S x I<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/><\/span> <span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Q = d\u00e9bit ( m<\/span><sup><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">3<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\/s ),\u00a0 S = surface (m<\/span><sup><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">2<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">) et I le gradient hydraulique.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/><\/span> <span style=\"font-size: medium;\">le gradient hydraulique I = \u2206H \/ L<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-aa03074 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"aa03074\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bdb54f5\" data-id=\"bdb54f5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48ed20b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"48ed20b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #009933;\"><b>1 &#8211; 2 &#8211; <\/b><\/span><b> <span style=\"color: #009933;\">L<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"color: #009933;\">es propri\u00e9t\u00e9s<\/span><\/b><span style=\"color: #009933;\"><b> chimiques du sol<\/b><\/span><\/p><p align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #009933;\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b> <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <b><span style=\"color: #009933;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">a &#8211; L\u2019acidit\u00e9 du sol <\/span><\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u00a0Le\u00a0<em>pH ( potentiel d&rsquo;hydrog\u00e8ne ) du sol<\/em>\u00a0est une mesure de l&rsquo;acidit\u00e9 ou de l&rsquo;alcalinit\u00e9 des sols. Il d\u00e9pend de la\u00a0<em>concentration<\/em>\u00a0en ions\u00a0<em>H+. <\/em><\/span><\/p><div align=\"center\"><p align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #003366; font-size: medium;\">Pour mesurer le pH du sol on peut utiliser le papier pH ou le pH m\u00e8tre .<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-aed3b9b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"aed3b9b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cb61084\" data-id=\"cb61084\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-311556a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"311556a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f5c32ed\" data-id=\"f5c32ed\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66c15c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"66c15c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"252\" src=\"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/ph-300x252.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-342\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/ph-300x252.jpg 300w, https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/ph.jpg 391w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">www.regetherm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Ph-Audenge-33-Lucasson_36304_redimensionner.jpg<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9e79aeb\" data-id=\"9e79aeb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cfcbff0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cfcbff0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"175\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/phmetr-175x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-343\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/phmetr-175x300.jpg 175w, https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/phmetr.jpg 252w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">www.agro-agri.fr\/images\/super\/ph-metre-sol-99121.jpg<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-23b56a5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"23b56a5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9ede817\" data-id=\"9ede817\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c01d3af elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c01d3af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #003366; font-size: medium;\">&#8211; creuser le sol avec un transplantoir (petite pelle \u00e0 main)\u00a0et pr\u00e9lever de la terre \u00e0 2-3 cm de profondeur environ, d\u00e9barrass\u00e9e des d\u00e9bris \u00e9ventuels.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"> &#8211; remplir un tube ou un petit bocal en verre \u00e0 mi-hauteur.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">&#8211; compl\u00e9ter avec de l&rsquo;eau distill\u00e9e.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"> &#8211; m\u00e9langer \u00e9nergiquement apr\u00e8s avoir bouch\u00e9 herm\u00e9tiquement le tube ou le bocal.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&#8211; attendre que la terre redescende au fond du r\u00e9cipient, puis mesurer le pH en plongeant dans l&rsquo;eau le papier <\/span> <span style=\"font-size: medium;\">pH<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> ou la sonde du <\/span> <span style=\"font-size: medium;\">pH m\u00e8tre.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b> <\/span> <b><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u00a0\u00a0 b &#8211; Les <\/span><\/b><b> <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">collo\u00efdes<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> du sol et le complexe argilo-humique<\/span><\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366; font-size: medium;\"> Pour la mise en \u00e9vidence des collo\u00efdes du sol, on propose les manipulations suivantes:<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a5cbf3a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a5cbf3a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d6b7bc7\" data-id=\"d6b7bc7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-674dbe2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"674dbe2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0261178\" data-id=\"0261178\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6237bb2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6237bb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><span style=\"color: #003366; font-size: medium;\"> 1. Pr\u00e9paration des collo\u00efdes argileux <\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366; font-size: medium;\"> a) M\u00e9langer dans un b\u00e9cher 150mL d&rsquo;eau distill\u00e9e et 20 grammes de sol argileux. <\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366; font-size: medium;\"> b) Laisser d\u00e9canter les plus grosses particules puis filtrer. <\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366; font-size: medium;\"> c) Le filtrat obtenu n&rsquo;est pas limpide, c&rsquo;est une solution collo\u00efdale d&rsquo;argile. <\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366; font-size: medium;\"> d) Verser 10mL de la solution collo\u00efdale dans 2 tubes \u00e0 essai <\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366; font-size: medium;\"> e) Ajouter dans le premier 10mL de solution de CaCl2 <\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366; font-size: medium;\"> f) Ajouter dans le second 10mL d&rsquo;eau de chaux <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f527c52\" data-id=\"f527c52\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a8742d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6a8742d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><span style=\"color: #003366; font-size: medium;\"> 2. Pr\u00e9paration des collo\u00efdes humiques <\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366; font-size: medium;\"> a) M\u00e9langer dans un b\u00e9cher 100mL d&rsquo;ammoniaque et 20 grammes de sol riche en humus. <\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366; font-size: medium;\"> b) Laisser d\u00e9canter les plus grosses particules puis filtrer. <\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366; font-size: medium;\"> c) Le filtrat obtenu n&rsquo;est pas limpide, c&rsquo;est une solution collo\u00efdale d&rsquo;humates. <\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366; font-size: medium;\"> d) Verser 10mL de la solution collo\u00efdale dans 2 tubes \u00e0 essai <\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366; font-size: medium;\"> e) Ajouter dans le premier 10mL de solution de CaCl2 <\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366; font-size: medium;\"> f) Ajouter dans le second 10mL d&rsquo;eau de chaux <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8d2b5a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8d2b5a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-04d6b02\" data-id=\"04d6b02\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a918508 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a918508\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"642\" height=\"474\" src=\"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/colloides.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-312\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/colloides.jpg 642w, https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/colloides-300x221.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 642px) 100vw, 642px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a83d9b7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a83d9b7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3f54e87\" data-id=\"3f54e87\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da85c09 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"da85c09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">O<span style=\"font-size: medium;\">n peut observer la floculation des collo\u00efdes argileux et la floculation des collo\u00efdes humiques . Les ions Ca<\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,arial,helvetica; font-size: medium;\"><sup>2+<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">permettent la formation d&rsquo;agr\u00e9gats de particules d&rsquo;argile (charg\u00e9es -), de m\u00eame pour l&rsquo;humus.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri;\">On pr\u00e9pare deux<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> tubes \u00e0 essai qui contiennent un m\u00e9lange d&rsquo;eau distill\u00e9e, d&rsquo;argile et d&rsquo;humus. <\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Calibri;\">\u00a0On ajoute au tube 2 seul des ions <\/span> <span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,arial,helvetica;\"> <span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Ca<\/span><sup><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">+2<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3d1de14 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3d1de14\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0f42891\" data-id=\"0f42891\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc9153f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cc9153f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table dir=\"rtl\" style=\"height: 53px;\" border=\"2\" width=\"291\"><tbody><tr><td style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#E6E6E6\" width=\"215\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,arial,helvetica;\"> <span class=\"tdArticleBody\"> <span style=\"color: #000080; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\"> 2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#E6E6E6\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,arial,helvetica;\"> <span class=\"tdArticleBody\"> <span style=\"color: #000080; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\"> 1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td><td align=\"center\" width=\"198\"><p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"tdArticleBody\"> <span style=\"color: #000080; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\">tubes<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#E6E6E6\" width=\"215\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,arial,helvetica;\"> <span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Ca<\/span><sup><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">+2<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/td><td align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#E6E6E6\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"tdArticleBody\"> <span style=\"color: #000080; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\">Temoin<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\" width=\"198\"><span class=\"tdArticleBody\"> <span style=\"color: #000080; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\">les ions ajout\u00e9s<\/span><\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ddedf6f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ddedf6f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-82a7f44\" data-id=\"82a7f44\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-537e3c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"537e3c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri;\"><span lang=\"fr\">L<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri;\">es r\u00e9sultats<\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,arial,helvetica;\"><span class=\"tdArticleBody\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri;\">\u00a0obtenus sont indiqu\u00e9s sur le<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri;\"><span lang=\"fr\"> document suivant<span class=\"tdArticleBody\">:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0ec6d72 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0ec6d72\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-18bc815\" data-id=\"18bc815\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74eb88c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"74eb88c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"295\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/flo11.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-440\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/flo11.jpg 295w, https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/flo11-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 295px) 100vw, 295px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">http:\/\/lj.physiquechimie.free.fr\/BACPRO\/BACPRO_MP3\/BACPRO_MP3_TP\/Etatdispers%C3%A9Etatflocul%C3%A9CAH\/CAHCalcaire.jpg<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ca44e5a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ca44e5a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0f7b306\" data-id=\"0f7b306\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-076f918 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"076f918\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: medium; color: #003366;\"> <span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\"> 1 &#8211; <b>En exploitant <\/b>les donn\u00e9es experimentales<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\">,<b> <\/b> <b>int\u00e9<\/b><b>rpreter<\/b> les resultats obtenus.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0aed0a1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0aed0a1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9021103\" data-id=\"9021103\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc02f8a elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"cc02f8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2131\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2131\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Correction:<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2131\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2131\"><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri;\"> <span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> 1 \u2013<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> On peut observer que <\/span> <\/span> <span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,arial,helvetica;\"> <span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\">dans le tube t\u00e9moin, la solution est trouble. Alors que dans le tube 2, la solution est limpide et un d\u00e9p\u00f4t au<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> fond du tube.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\">\u00a0&#8211; Dans le tube t\u00e9moin, les collo\u00efdes argile et humus sont<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri;\"> dispers\u00e9s.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', arial, helvetica; color: #003366;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <span style=\"font-family: Calibri;\">\u00a0&#8211; Dans l&rsquo;autre tube, les ions calcium Ca<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\"><sup>2+<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri;\">\u00a0floculent les micelles d&rsquo;argile et d&rsquo;humus. L&rsquo;ensemble argile-humus-Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">forme le complexe argilo-humique (C.A.<\/span>H)\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-56fb16c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"56fb16c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5244860\" data-id=\"5244860\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d22c9f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d22c9f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"> <span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <span style=\"font-family: Calibri;\">La pr\u00e9sence d&rsquo;ions floculants (Ca<\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,arial,helvetica;\"><sup>2+<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri;\">, Mg<\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,arial,helvetica;\"><sup>2+<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri;\">,&#8230;) permettent d&rsquo;associer l&rsquo;argile et l&rsquo;humus pour former le complexe argilo-humique (C.A.H)<\/span> <\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\">qui constitue un\u00a0v\u00e9ritable\u00a0r\u00e9servoir d&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e9ments nutritifs\u00a0pour les plantes qui \u00e9change et en permanence des ions avec la solution du sol.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2eed794 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2eed794\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-69437fb\" data-id=\"69437fb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ad6741 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4ad6741\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"547\" height=\"265\" src=\"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/argilohumique.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-306\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/argilohumique.jpg 547w, https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/argilohumique-300x145.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 547px) 100vw, 547px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">http:\/\/svt.ac-dijon.fr\/schemassvt\/spip.php?article2437<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c83f416 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c83f416\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-eef8c33\" data-id=\"eef8c33\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b071e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3b071e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"left\"><b><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u00a0 c &#8211; L\u2019eau du sol <\/span><\/b><\/p><p align=\"left\"><b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <span style=\"color: #009933; font-family: Calibri;\">\u00a0&#8211; Les formes de l&rsquo;eau dans le sol<\/span><\/b><\/p><p align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri;\">\u00a0<\/span> Pour <span style=\"font-family: Calibri;\">determiner les formes de l&rsquo;eau dans le sol, on propose les exp\u00e9riences suivantes:<\/span><\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; color: #003366;\">&#8211; Experience 1: On verse de l\u2019eau sur un \u00e9chantillon s\u00e9ch\u00e9 du sol jusqu\u2019\u00e0 saturation, la masse du sol S1 devient m1=159,5g.<\/span><\/p><p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; color: #003366;\"> &#8211; Experience 2: On laisse l\u2019\u00e9chantillon S1 s\u2019\u00e9goutter pendant quelques heures, la masse du sol S2 devient m2= 149 g <\/span><\/p><p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; color: #003366;\">&#8211; Experience 3: On place une plante dans l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon S2, la plante se d\u00e9veloppe normalement pendant quelques jours et commence \u00e0 fl\u00e9trir. On obtient un sol S3 de masse m3 = 131.5 g <\/span><\/p><p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; color: #003366;\">&#8211; Experience 4: L&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon S3 est plac\u00e9 dans un four \u00e0 100\u00b0C pendant quelques heures. On obtient un sol S4 de masse m4 = 100 g<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\"> 1 &#8211; <\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\"><b> En exploitant <\/b>les <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\"> exp\u00e9rience<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\">s,<b> calculer:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><b> <span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/b> <span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\"> a &#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\"><b> <\/b>la masse d&rsquo;eau perdu lors de l&rsquo;experience2. (l\u2019eau gravitaire)<\/span><\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\"> b &#8211; <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\"> la masse d&rsquo;eau absorb\u00e9e par la plante. (l\u2019eau capillaire)<\/span><\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; color: #003366;\"> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 c &#8211; la masse d&rsquo;eau retenu par le sol apr\u00e9s le fl\u00e9trissement de la plante. (l\u2019eau hygroscopique)<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\"> &#8211; <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\"> <b>Calculer<\/b> le pourcentage de l&rsquo;eau retenue par le sol lors de fl\u00e9trissement de la plante, qui repr\u00e9sente le point de fl\u00e9trissement.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c46d33d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c46d33d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f47aa90\" data-id=\"f47aa90\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94cae95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"94cae95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1561\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1561\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Correction<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1561\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1561\"><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">1 &#8211; a &#8211; la masse d&rsquo;eau perdu lors de l&rsquo;experience2<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">159,5g-149g=10.5g<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Il repr\u00e9sente l&rsquo;eau gravitaire (Vg) qui circule librement dans la macroporosit\u00e9 du sol, se d\u00e9place essentiellement vers le bas sous l\u2019effet de la gravit\u00e9.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">b &#8211; la masse d&rsquo;eau absorb\u00e9e par la plante.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u00a0149g-131.5g=17.5g<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Il repr\u00e9sente l\u2019<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">eau capillaire (VC) qui est retenue sous forme de films assez \u00e9pais autour des particules terreuses, cette eau est facilement utilisable par la plante.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u00a0c &#8211; la masse d&rsquo;eau retenu par le sol apr\u00e8s le fl\u00e9trissement de la plante<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">131.5g-100g=31.5g<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Il repr\u00e9sente l\u2019eau<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">hygroscopique (VR) qui est retenue sous forme de films tr\u00e8s minces autour des particules terreuses, cette eau n\u2019est pas absorbable par les racines des plantes.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">2 &#8211; Le pour\u00e7entage de l&rsquo;eau retenue par le sol lors de fl\u00e9trissement de la plante.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">F = 31.5\/131.5\u00a0x 100 =23.95%<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4170949 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4170949\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-360f95a\" data-id=\"360f95a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73b750d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73b750d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #009933; font-family: Calibri;\"><b>\u00a0&#8211; La capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9tention de l\u2019eau d\u2019un sol :<\/b><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; color: #003366;\">Dans les exp\u00e9riences pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes la quantit\u00e9 d&rsquo;eau retenu par le sol est 149g-100g=49g. Elle repr\u00e9sente la capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9tention de l\u2019eau du sol.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; color: #003366;\">Le tableau suivant donne la capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9tention de l&rsquo;eau de deux \u00e9chantillons de sol<\/span><\/p><div align=\"center\">\u00a0<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a8f75e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a8f75e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4fbe95c\" data-id=\"4fbe95c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b45a478 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b45a478\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table class=\" aligncenter\" width=\"532\"><tbody><tr><td>\u00a0<\/td><td><p>Sable grossier<\/p><\/td><td><p>Argile<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>Diam\u00e8tre des grains<\/p><\/td><td><p>2mm<\/p><\/td><td><p>inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 2\u00b5m\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>la capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9tention de l&rsquo;eau\u00a0%<\/p><\/td><td><p>1.55<\/p><\/td><td><p>27.4<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd69480 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd69480\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-90bcfae\" data-id=\"90bcfae\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-319703e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"319703e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000080; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\">3<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\"> &#8211; <\/span> <span style=\"color: #000080; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\"><b> En exploitant <\/b>les donn\u00e9es du tableau,<b> d\u00e9duire<\/b> la relation entre la capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9tention de l&rsquo;eau et la texture du sol.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9bff0bf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9bff0bf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5620d0d\" data-id=\"5620d0d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-176f1db elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"176f1db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2451\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2451\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Correction:<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2451\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2451\"><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">3 &#8211; On constate que le <em> sol<\/em>\u00a0argileux retient beaucoup\u00a0<em>plus d&rsquo;eau<\/em>\u00a0que le\u00a0<em>sol<\/em>\u00a0sableux.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Plus le diam\u00e8tre des grains du sol<em> est petit<\/em>,\u00a0<em>plus <\/em>la capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9tention de l&rsquo;eau est grande<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-98c3e8c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"98c3e8c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9304964\" data-id=\"9304964\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59aa1dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"59aa1dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">2 &#8211; L&rsquo;influence des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s du sol sur la r\u00e9partition des \u00eatres vivants:<\/span><\/b><\/p><p>\u00a0<b><span style=\"color: #009933; font-family: Calibri;\"> 2 <\/span><\/b><span style=\"color: #009933; font-family: Calibri;\"><b>&#8211; 1 &#8211; L&rsquo;influence de la capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9tention de l\u2019eau du sol sur la r\u00e9partition du ch\u00eane li\u00e8ge<\/b><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri;\">Pour l&rsquo;\u00e9tude de la<\/span> r\u00e9partition du ch\u00eane li\u00e8ge au niveau d&rsquo;une une partie de la for\u00eat Maamora, on propose le document 1 qui montre la r\u00e9partition horizontale de cette <em> esp\u00e8ce<\/em> .<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1fa1180 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1fa1180\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-99d9359\" data-id=\"99d9359\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cbec66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1cbec66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"492\" height=\"256\" src=\"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/daya.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-315\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/daya.jpg 492w, https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/daya-300x156.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 492px) 100vw, 492px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9724206 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9724206\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-893d0f2\" data-id=\"893d0f2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-131d892 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"131d892\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\"> 1 &#8211; <\/span> <span style=\"color: #000080; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\"><b> En exploitant <\/b>le document 1,<b> d\u00e9gager<\/b> le pr<\/span><span style=\"color: #000080; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\">obl\u00e8me scientifique concernant la r\u00e9partition du ch\u00eane li\u00e8ge dans cette r\u00e9gion.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0dcaf4b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0dcaf4b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6e72647\" data-id=\"6e72647\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6306a60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6306a60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Pour r\u00e9soudre ce probl\u00e8me, on propose les donn\u00e9es exp\u00e9rimentales suivantes:<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Des plantules du ch\u00eane li\u00e8ge ont \u00e9t\u00e9 implant\u00e9 dans des horizons sableux \u00e0 \u00e9paisseurs diff\u00e9rents en dessus d&rsquo;un horizon argileux.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Les r\u00e9sultats obtenus sont repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s sur le document 2:<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7a5be89 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7a5be89\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1068fe7\" data-id=\"1068fe7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-290c331 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"290c331\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table style=\"height: 225px;\" width=\"398\"><tbody><tr><td><p>Epaisseur de l&rsquo;horizon sableux (cm)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"241\"><p>Resultat<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>0 &#8211; 50<\/p><\/td><td width=\"241\"><p>Pas de croissance<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>50 -200<\/p><\/td><td width=\"241\">croissance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 200<\/td><td width=\"241\"><p>Pas de croissance<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f2f1e1b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f2f1e1b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fc0a79f\" data-id=\"fc0a79f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a35742 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1a35742\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Le document 3 repr\u00e9sente un sch\u00e9ma de la position des plantules selon l&rsquo;\u00e9paisseur de l&rsquo;horizon sableux.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0dbb8df elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0dbb8df\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16f9193\" data-id=\"16f9193\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-834b5d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"834b5d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"417\" height=\"266\" src=\"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/edaphic.gif\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-329\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7c1e743 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7c1e743\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ffdeb1b\" data-id=\"ffdeb1b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e1b231 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0e1b231\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000080; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\">\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000080; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\"><b>A partir\u00a0<\/b>des documents 2 et 3,<b>\u00a0interpr\u00e9ter<\/b>\u00a0les r\u00e9sultats obtenus et\u00a0<b>d\u00e9duire<\/b>\u00a0le facteur influen\u00e7ant\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000080; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\">la r\u00e9partition du ch\u00eane li\u00e8ge dans cette r\u00e9gion.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a7fccc4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a7fccc4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-efefb33\" data-id=\"efefb33\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9968c5a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9968c5a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<b><span style=\"color: #009933; font-family: Calibri;\">\u00a02\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span style=\"color: #009933; font-family: Calibri;\"><b>&#8211; 2 &#8211; L&rsquo;influence du pH du sol sur la r\u00e9partition des v\u00e9g\u00e9taux<\/b><\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Le document suivant montre\u00a0la r\u00e9partition horizontale des v\u00e9g\u00e9taux entre la for\u00eat de Temara et le plateau de Zaer<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e2478eb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e2478eb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c3b90c8\" data-id=\"c3b90c8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-feef81b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"feef81b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"738\" height=\"288\" src=\"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/STRATHRZ.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-361\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/STRATHRZ.jpg 738w, https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/STRATHRZ-300x117.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 738px) 100vw, 738px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c5a0a4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c5a0a4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9fb4a4a\" data-id=\"9fb4a4a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8366d27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8366d27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000080; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\">1 &#8211; <b>D\u00e9gager<\/b> les types de sol sur les quels p<\/span><span style=\"color: #000080; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\">ousse le ch\u00eane li\u00e8ge et\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000080; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\">o\u00f9<\/span><span style=\"color: #000080; font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\">\u00a0ne pousse pas.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a211a7b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a211a7b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1914546\" data-id=\"1914546\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d7f649 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4d7f649\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri;\">Pour expliquer cette<\/span>\u00a0r\u00e9partition du ch\u00eane li\u00e8ge, on propose les<span style=\"font-family: Calibri;\">\u00a0donn\u00e9es exp\u00e9rimentales suivantes:<\/span><\/span><\/p><p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; color: #003366;\">&#8211; On pr\u00e9pare 3 milieux avec des sols diff\u00e9rents<span lang=\"ar-ma\">\u00a0<\/span>et on cultive des plantules du ch\u00eane li\u00e8ge dans chaque milieu. Les conditions exp\u00e9rimentales et les r\u00e9sultats sont indiqu\u00e9s sur le tableau suivant:<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4ffe0d0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4ffe0d0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cbe4cd3\" data-id=\"cbe4cd3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c262148 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c262148\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table style=\"height: 195px;\" width=\"609\"><tbody><tr><td style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Milieu<\/p><\/td><td style=\"font-weight: 400;\" width=\"363\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\">R\u00e9sultat<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Sol du plateau de Merchouch<\/p><\/td><td style=\"font-weight: 400;\" width=\"363\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Fl\u00e9trissement des plantules<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Sol de la for\u00eat de Temara<\/p><\/td><td style=\"font-weight: 400;\" width=\"363\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Croissance des plantules<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Sol de la for\u00eat de Temara + calcaire<\/p><\/td><td style=\"font-weight: 400;\" width=\"363\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Fl\u00e9trissement des plantules<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-be60d76 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"be60d76\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-af5cf7d\" data-id=\"af5cf7d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2ae5fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2ae5fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,arial,helvetica;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri;\">&#8211; On analyse le\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tdArticleBody\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri;\">t<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: trebuchet ms,arial,helvetica;\"><span class=\"tdArticleBody\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\">aux de Fer<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri;\">\u00a0des plantules de chaque milieu, les r\u00e9sultats sont indiqu\u00e9s sur le tableau suivant:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-93a3a82 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"93a3a82\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-468b70b\" data-id=\"468b70b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fecb3f elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2fecb3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table style=\"height: 197px;\" width=\"577\"><tbody><tr><td style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Origine de la plantule<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"font-weight: 400;\" width=\"165\"><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Taux de Fer<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Cultiv\u00e9e dans le sol du plateau de Merchouch<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"font-weight: 400;\" width=\"165\"><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Carence<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Cultiv\u00e9e dans le sol de la for\u00eat de Temara<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"font-weight: 400;\" width=\"165\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Normale<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Cultiv\u00e9e dans le sol de la for\u00eat de Temara + calcaire<\/span><\/td><td style=\"font-weight: 400;\" width=\"165\"><p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">Carence<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le sol\u00a0est la\u00a0partie superficielle\u00a0de la cro\u00fbte terrestre.\u00a0Il est\u00a0caract\u00e9ris\u00e9\u00a0par des\u00a0propri\u00e9t\u00e9s physiques,\u00a0chimiques\u00a0et biologiques, qui peuvent\u00a0avoir une\u00a0influence\u00a0sur la\u00a0r\u00e9partition des\u00a0\u00eatres vivants. La gen\u00e8se et l\u2019\u00e9volution du sol d\u00e9pend de la nature de la roche m\u00e8re, du climat et de l\u2019influence des \u00eatres vivants. Le document suivant montre\u00a0la r\u00e9partition horizontale des v\u00e9g\u00e9taux entre la for\u00eat de Temara et le plateau [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"full-screen","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"footer-one","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"on","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-409","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-khaymasvt","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/409"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=409"}],"version-history":[{"count":52,"href":"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/409\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":577,"href":"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/409\/revisions\/577"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=409"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=409"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/khaymasvt.ma\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=409"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}